Many Western democracies grapple with immigration and natives’ resentment of immigrants—recently, especially those from Muslim-majority countries. Research shows that Muslims face discrimination in many areas of their personal and professional life, especially when their religious affiliation is visible. Native Bias contributes to this literature by exploring bias and discrimination against Muslims in Germany, a country recently receiving a torrent of Muslim immigrants as a result of the Syrian civil war. The book provides a holistic picture of German attitudes and behavior toward immigrants and shows how discrimination can be reduced without forceful assimilation.

Choi, Poertner, and Sambanis first explored attitudes toward immigrants in Germany through a survey, conjoint experiment, and implicit association test. The survey showed that Germans see immigrants as security and economic threats. The conjoint survey experiment, which can evaluate multiple hypotheses simultaneously, revealed that ascriptive characteristics, such as nationality, language, and religion, drive bias, and that religion and national origin are separate mechanisms. Finally, on the basis of the implicit association test, the authors concluded that native Germans, especially men, are biased against immigrant women wearing a hijab.

In the book’s second p